NMIBC treatment varies by tumor stage, grade, and prior therapies, with high-risk cases often requiring radical cystectomy. Bladder-preserving approaches include intravesical therapies like BCG, ...
Graphical comparison of bladder augmentation surgery using either ileum (top) or a cell-seeded, biodegradable scaffold (bottom). MSCs and HSPCs represent different types of stem cells found in the ...
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