LLM training data mixture optimization breaks when training pools shift — every prior proxy experiment becomes stale.
The majority of recent empirical papers in operations management (OM) employ observational data to investigate the causal effects of a treatment, such as program or policy adoption. However, as ...
This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...
This course is available on the MPhil/PhD in Economic Geography, MPhil/PhD in Environmental Economics, MPhil/PhD in International Relations, MPhil/PhD in Regional and Urban Planning Studies, MRes in ...
Many observational studies aim to make causal inferences about effects of interventions or exposures on health outcomes. This course defines causation, describes how emulating a ‘target trial’ can ...
We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...
This course is available on the MSc in Applied Social Data Science, MSc in Behavioural Science, MSc in Human Geography and Urban Studies (Research), MSc in Innovation Policy, MSc in International ...