This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...

The purpose of a phase locked loop (PLL) is to generate a frequency and phase-locked output oscillation signal. To achieve this goal, prior art essentially functioned ...

A difficult challenge in power-supply design is tailoring the response of the control loop. With the loads dynamically changing at a much higher frequency, the control loop has to keep up. To handle ...

A special technique produces very wide loop BWs in high-frequency PLLs (and hence, indirect (PLL) synthesizers), thereby achieving very low phase noise rivaling that of direct (MMD) synthesizers. A ...