Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...

There has been significant interest in photonics over the last decade due to their prospects in creating functional devices both for near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths. Optical ...

The lithium niobate thin-film modulator was designed to achieve a modulation frequency of 350 kHz within the 0–2π phase range, further realizing high speed control of optical field coherence.