Parliament’s final plenary session before the summer recess will see Members discuss the priorities of the Irish EU Council Presidency alongside key decisions on enlargement, foreign affairs, ...

Examining the notion of ‘revolving doors’ in the EU, this publication gives an outline of the way post term activities are regulated by the EU institutions and offers a comparative overview of rules ...

In response to United States (US) tariffs, and citing national security interests as a reason, China introduced two waves of export controls for rare-earth elements (REEs) in April and October 2025 ...

You can use our collection of graphs, charts, tables and maps with statistical data for any purpose (just please credit the European Parliamentary Research Service). The images were created by the ...

Written by Polona Car with Filippo Cassetti. Dark patterns are deceptive techniques used by online platforms to manipulate users’ behaviour, often without their knowledge or consent. The EU regulatory ...

The complexity of the EU legislative process has sometimes been criticised as lengthy and subject to gridlock. To overcome this issue, the co-legislators have developed methods of informal contact to ...

Following a request from the European Council in June 2024, the European Commission and the High Representative are due to adopt a joint communication on the EU strategic approach to the Black Sea ...

The EU-Israel action plan, adopted in 2005 and extended several times by the Association Council, implements the Association Agreement. On 26 March 2025, the Commission issued a proposal for a Council ...

Russia’s war on Ukraine has been a wake-up call for many EU Member States in terms of defence budgets. Rising from €218 billion in 2021 to an expected €381 billion in 2025, there are significant ...

On 24 February 2022, Russia’s unjustified aggression against Ukraine signalled the return of high-intensity warfare to Europe. In response, and to ensure the EU’s long-term goal of achieving defence ...

The US Trump administration has set its sights on Ukraine’s vast mineral resources, and proposed a deal: to secure a portion of Ukraine’s rare earths in exchange for US support in the war against the ...

The European Parliament regularly receives enquiries from citizens about how the EU regulates social media and protects its users. The European Union (EU) has adopted a series of rules to protect the ...