Abstract: Paschen’s law (PL), derived based on the Townsend avalanche (TA) condition, is commonly used to predict gas breakdown. For microscale gaps near atmospheric pressure, TA is insufficient to ...

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Today, we think of the blender as a familiar kitchen tool, but its origin story is far more practical and far less glamorous. Back in 1922, a man by the name of Stephen Poplawski invented a machine to ...