W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) was a pioneering American sociologist, historian, writer, and civil rights leader. A Harvard-educated scholar—the first African American to earn a PhD there—Du Bois was a founding member of the NAACP and a leading voice in the fight against racism and colonialism. His landmark book The Souls of Black Folk introduced the concept of “double consciousness,” shaping modern Black thought and sociology. Throughout his life, Du Bois advocated for full political, economic, a

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